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Core skills · Level 7 of 12

Equations, percentages and powers

These are the skills everyday life actually runs on: percentages and discounts, interest on a loan, ratios in a recipe, and solving for an unknown. Small slips here grow into big gaps later, so the practice keeps asking why. You check your answers, find the mistakes in worked examples, and see each rule on a number line or a grid.

Integers: × and ÷

Multiply and divide negative numbers, and why negative × negative is positive.

Key idea

Multiply or divide the numbers as usual. Then the signs decide: same signs give a positive answer, different signs give a negative answer.

How to do it

  1. Ignore the signs and multiply or divide the numbers.
  2. Look at the two signs.
  3. Same signs: the answer is positive. Different signs: the answer is negative.
Practise integers: × and ÷

Fractions & decimals

Multiply and divide fractions, and work with decimals.

Key idea

To multiply fractions, multiply the tops and multiply the bottoms. A fraction of a fraction is the overlap in the picture.

How to do it

  1. Whole × fraction: multiply only the top.
  2. Fraction × fraction: tops × tops, bottoms × bottoms.
  3. Dividing by a fraction asks “how many pieces fit?”: flip it and multiply.
  4. × 10 moves the decimal point one place right. ÷ 10 moves it one place left.
Practise fractions & decimals

Simple equations

Find the mystery number with a balance scale.

Key idea

An equation is a balance. Whatever you do to one side, do the same to the other side, and it stays level.

How to do it

  1. Look at what is being done to x.
  2. Do the opposite to both sides: + becomes −, × becomes ÷.
  3. Undo the adding or subtracting first, then the multiplying.
  4. Check: put your answer back into the equation.
Practise simple equations

Algebraic expressions

Letters for numbers: like terms, values and writing expressions.

Key idea

A letter stands for a number we do not know yet. 3x means 3 × x.

How to do it

  1. 3x means 3 × x. There is a hidden multiply sign.
  2. Like terms have exactly the same letter part. Add or subtract their numbers.
  3. To find the value, put the number in place of the letter and work it out.
Practise algebraic expressions

Percent, profit & interest

Percentages, profit and loss, and simple interest.

Key idea

Percent means “out of 100”. 25% is 25 out of every 100, the same as ¼.

How to do it

  1. To find a percent of a number: (percent ÷ 100) × the number.
  2. Profit = selling price − cost price. Loss = cost price − selling price.
  3. Profit % = profit ÷ cost price × 100.
  4. Simple interest = P × R × T ÷ 100.
Practise percent, profit & interest

Lines, angles & triangles

Angles on a line, crossing lines, and the angles of a triangle.

Key idea

Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. The three angles of a triangle also add up to 180°.

How to do it

  1. Angles on a straight line add up to 180°.
  2. When two lines cross, opposite angles are equal.
  3. The angles of a triangle add up to 180°.
  4. Complementary angles add up to 90°. Supplementary angles add up to 180°.
Practise lines, angles & triangles

Exponents & powers

Powers, the laws of exponents and writing big numbers in standard form.

Key idea

A power is a short way to write repeated multiplication: aⁿ means a multiplied by itself n times.

How to do it

  1. aⁿ means a × a × … × a, n times.
  2. Same base, multiplying: add the powers. Dividing: subtract them.
  3. A power of a power: multiply the powers.
  4. Standard form: one digit before the point, times a power of 10.
Practise exponents & powers

Mean, median & mode

Averages, the middle value, the most common value and the range.

Key idea

The mean, median and mode each describe a typical value in a set of numbers.

How to do it

  1. Mean: add them all, then divide by how many there are.
  2. Median: put them in order and find the middle one.
  3. Mode: the value that appears most often.
  4. Range: biggest − smallest.
Practise mean, median & mode

Revise: negative numbers

The lift, token pairs and the number line from Level 6.

Key idea

Rational numbers are fractions that can be positive or negative. All the fraction rules still work, and the sign rules from integers decide the sign.

How to do it

  1. To compare: give them the same bottom number. The one further right on the number line is greater.
  2. To add with the same bottom: add the tops (with their signs), keep the bottom.
  3. To multiply: multiply tops and bottoms, then use the sign rule.
  4. The reciprocal flips the fraction and keeps the sign.
Practise revise: negative numbers

Revise: factors & HCF/LCM

Rectangles, the prime hunt and frog jumps.

Key idea

Rational numbers are fractions that can be positive or negative. All the fraction rules still work, and the sign rules from integers decide the sign.

How to do it

  1. To compare: give them the same bottom number. The one further right on the number line is greater.
  2. To add with the same bottom: add the tops (with their signs), keep the bottom.
  3. To multiply: multiply tops and bottoms, then use the sign rule.
  4. The reciprocal flips the fraction and keeps the sign.
Practise revise: factors & hcf/lcm